Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C) and lightly grease a baking dish.
In a small saucepan, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add minced garlic and sauté for about 1 minute, just until fragrant—don’t let it brown. Remove from heat and stir in brown sugar to form a thick glaze.
Place chicken breasts in the prepared baking dish and season both sides with salt and pepper. Spoon the garlic brown sugar mixture evenly over each piece of chicken.
Bake uncovered for 25–30 minutes, or until the chicken is fully cooked and the glaze is bubbling. Internal temperature should reach 165°F (74°C).
Spoon pan juices over the chicken before serving for extra flavor.